Polarized range
A range made up only of very strong hands AND bluffs
Definition
A polarized range is a range that sits at both extremes of the spectrum: the best hands (nuts or near-nuts) AND pure bluffs, with no medium hands in between. It's the opposite of a capped range, which is missing the strongest hands (the nuts) and therefore tops out at medium-strength hands. Polarized ranges are typical of big postflop sizings (bet 75%+, pot, overbet). The logic is simple: with a big bet, you give the opponent bad odds when they fold, so your bluffs are profitable. And your value hands extract the maximum. Medium hands aren't worth betting that big because they don't need protection or maximum extraction. The bluff frequency in a polarized range is calculated based on the bet size to make the opponent indifferent between calling and folding (a GTO concept).
On the river with an overbet (2x the pot), your range is polarized: either the completed flush, or a total bluff with nothing. An opponent holding a medium pair is in a very tough spot because they beat your bluffs but lose to your nuts.